Essay about The Cultural Art of Body Art - 1084 Words

For a long time now body art and decoration has been a custom in many cultural groups. Through research we have learned about the different types of body art and ornamentation such as permanent and nonpermanent tattooing, scarification, and piercings. These forms of body art and ornamentation are done for a variety of reasons, ranging from identification purposes to religious rituals. â€Å"Skin, as a visible way of defining individual identity and cultural difference, is not only a highly elaborated preoccupation in many cultures; it is also the subject of wide-ranging and evolving scholarly discourse in the humanities and social sciences† (Schildkrout, 2004). The process of ornamentation and body art is usually a painful experience, but it is†¦show more content†¦Secondarily, they are seen as a symbol of beauty or a derogatory symbol to keep troublesome kids alive. In his article Orie states that â€Å"Every Yoruba is born into a patrilineal clan† (Orie, 2011 ). When the children are born their parents decide when the scarification will take place, this usually happens between the age of three weeks to three months. The procedure is done by an oloola or akomola which is a professionally trained specialist. The procedure is said to be performed at dawn to help minimize the loss of blood, dawn being the coldest part of the day. The patrilineal stripes declare the clan membership of the children, and ensure that they are not denied the entitlements and rights of the clan members. There are many differences in the length, depth, spacing, and the placement of the stripes on the face. It may seem difficult to be able to be able to tell so much information about someone simply from the stripes on their face, but as Orie explains, for those that can read the traditional stripes, a brief look at someone’s face is enough to identify the town, regional affiliation, or family of that person (Orie, 2011). In the Maori culture of New Zealand, tattoos are distinct and unique, not only in their design, but also their significance. Palmer and Tano explain in their article that there are two methods that are involved when creating a moko tattoo. There is the method of carvingShow MoreRelatedThe Artist Is Present : Challenging Performance And Cultural Politics1506 Words   |  7 PagesPresent† challenging Performance and Cultural Politics Marina Ambramović’s concept of performance art interrogates the traditional forms and practices of what most people would consider to be the â€Å"norm†, that derive from personal preferences generated from different aspects of society. Abramović is known for her durational performance work that tests the endurance and limitations of her own body and mind. Performance art may be understood as a practice where the body of the artist is central or theRead MoreBody Art and Ornamentation Essays1569 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: BODY ART AND ORNAMENTATION Body Art and Ornamentation in Different Cultures Introduction to Cultural Anthropology ANT101 July 28, 2013 There is no culture in which people do not, or did not paint, pierce, tattoo, reshape, or simply adorn their bodies (Schildkrout, 2001). Throughout history, body art and ornamentation has become a worldwide phenomenon and has played a key role in our lives, yet there is a social stigma which we cannot seem to rid ourselves of. It is mostRead MoreCultural Policy in Taiwan Essay955 Words   |  4 PagesCultural Policy in Taiwan Taiwan has its own very special government system. On the central government level (relevant to the federal government), there are both president and premier in the system. 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Yet, in contemporary art the relationship between live performance practices and documentation has overcome toRead MoreRelationship Between The Live Event And The Document Within Performance Practice1588 Words   |  7 Pagesthe document within performance practice, specifically focus on in relation to body, time and space. Performance art is commonly known as a performance presented to a viewer within a fine art context. Through performance art ists emphasize the body’s role in artistic production. Historically, performance archive has been characterized as an unfaithful representation of the momentary art experience. Yet, in contemporary art the relationship between live performance practices and documentation has progressed

In support of the constructivist theory of education for...

Educational philosophies differ from person to person. From behaviorist to constructivist and everything in between, the one thing they have in common is that they attempt to explain how people learn. This paper will explain why I tend to lean toward the constructivist theory of education and defend this theory using a variety of current literature. It is important to note that the theories that are talked about as educational theories are often looked at as both theories of teaching and learning; however most of these theories are not theories of teaching but rather learning (Baviskar, Hartle, Whitney, 2009). This may be especially true for constructivism where there can be a common misunderstanding of what constructivism actually is†¦show more content†¦The ability to critically think is vital for athletic trainers who must make difficult medical decisions in extremely short periods of time. Teaching critical thinking skills starts early as students are introduced to athletic training and evidence based practice in athletic training. The students are asked to critically evaluate scholarly journal articles and use their research to create poster presentations on topics of their choosing (with direction from their instructor guide). During this project the students receive instruction on how to differentiate valid scholarly research from research that may not be as accurate or reliable. This helps them to learn critical thinking skills that will be valuable to them in the future. In addition to these types of problems, constructivist learning theory advocates the use of real world problems in the classroom. The ability to solve real world problems helps them to obtain the critical thinking skills necessary to succeed as an athletic trainer. Athletic trainers must also be able to collaborate with a variety of other individuals including athletes, coaches, physicians, and a number of other health care professionals in order to provide the best care for their athletes. This collaboration often takes place with the athletic trainerShow MoreRelatedMultiple Intelligences Seminar and Workshop14464 Words   |  58 PagesExplanation 1. What is the theory of multiple intelligences (M.I.)? 2. How does this theory differ from the traditional definition of intelligence? 3. What do multiple intelligences have to do with my classroom? 4. How has M.I. theory developed since it was introduced in 1983? 5. Who are the critics of this theory and what do they say? 6. What are some benefits of using the multiple intelligences approach in my school? 7. How can applying M.I. theory help students learn betterRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pageshow well a company is performing have been overwhelmed by the frequency and magnitude of these economic groundswells. In today’s competitive climate, where the changes outside a business exceed the productive changes within a business, a company’s future viability is clearly under enormous stress. To maintain business growth and a sustained economy, it is essential for managers to understand and find solutions for these and other fundamental wide-ranging issues. The bursting of the high-tech bubble

Reconstruction in South Essay Example For Students

Reconstruction in South Essay While reading Eric Foners book I came to appreciate the difficulties the freed black slaves encountered for example, how the previous slave owning class continued to manipulate the freed slaves. Also, I was impressed at the great sacrifice they made when attempting to become educated. Last of all I was surprised at the severity of persecution and abuse of blacks that was still considered legal after they were freed. When the label of slave was removed from the black American, it was meant to clarify that they were human beings. Human beings eligible to participate in Americas society and culture. However, racism denied them the privileges of the American citizen. Although they were no longer slaves, they were still considered to be savages, unintelligent, and the lowest class of person in the United States. Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863. The Proclamation set the American slave population free. However, it did not indicate how new Black citizens would be incorporated into the free society. Emancipation would redefine how blacks saw themselves and their aspirations, and it would redefine the labor system. Blacks believed that they could equally share in prosperity and progress with whites. Blacks desperately wanted to move up in social standing and become educated. They desired literacy. They wanted to plant their own crops and have the chance to sell them for profit. They wanted to work hard for the chance of a better life for their children. The commitment to white supremacy in the South began with the planters intention of keeping the institution of slavery. Whites perceived emancipation as uncompensated liquidation of the nations largest concentration of private property and a redefinition of the place of blacks in American society(p.2). Blacks saw emancipation as their opportunity to become involved with society without the burden of being owned by someone. The labor system of free labor versus slavery contained a transition that few in the south were willing to accommodate. Planters went from owning blacks as property, to negotiating a wage in exchange for their labor. Although blacks were declared free, some were required to sign a yearly contract that promised service to one planter. If a free black chose not to sign the contract, he was intimidated into signing. The underlying message was clear, sign or have you and your family live in constant fear of abuse. With these contracts, planters tightened authority and presided over all details of the lives of blacks. Blacks were closely supervised to the point that the pace of work they desired was routinely challenged. The freedmen were persuaded to sign the contract in order to preserve the labor system that had been prevalent in the South. By voluntarily signing and adhering to contracts, both planters and freedmen would develop the habits of a free labor economy and come to understand their fundamental harmony of interests(p. 75). The Southern white planters would determine these interests. The contracts themselves bound the freedmen into a continued extorted form of slavery. At harvest time, most planters did not pay the blacks their earned wages. Blacks would labor the entire season only to be left with the feeling of desperation that was identical to slavery. Some contracts stipulated that if a crop failed the blacks would receive nothing and fines could be charged against their wages if the planter determined the work was unsatisfactory. Some contracts allowed the planter to penalize full wages accrued if the freedmen left work. On some plantations physical brutality and corporal punishment continued as if slavery never ended. The overall goal for equal treatment for the freedmen was contradicted as idle white men were never required to sign a labor contract (p.76). The South wanted the amenities that the North had, as long as the primary source of labor went undisturbed. Redefining the black labor force could endanger the entire economic system subscribed by the South. .u668b69351f2b7c32b240cca68bf2cd07 , .u668b69351f2b7c32b240cca68bf2cd07 .postImageUrl , .u668b69351f2b7c32b240cca68bf2cd07 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u668b69351f2b7c32b240cca68bf2cd07 , .u668b69351f2b7c32b240cca68bf2cd07:hover , .u668b69351f2b7c32b240cca68bf2cd07:visited , .u668b69351f2b7c32b240cca68bf2cd07:active { border:0!important; } .u668b69351f2b7c32b240cca68bf2cd07 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u668b69351f2b7c32b240cca68bf2cd07 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u668b69351f2b7c32b240cca68bf2cd07:active , .u668b69351f2b7c32b240cca68bf2cd07:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u668b69351f2b7c32b240cca68bf2cd07 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u668b69351f2b7c32b240cca68bf2cd07 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u668b69351f2b7c32b240cca68bf2cd07 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u668b69351f2b7c32b240cca68bf2cd07 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u668b69351f2b7c32b240cca68bf2cd07:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u668b69351f2b7c32b240cca68bf2cd07 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u668b69351f2b7c32b240cca68bf2cd07 .u668b69351f2b7c32b240cca68bf2cd07-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u668b69351f2b7c32b240cca68bf2cd07:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Meiosis Vs. Meitosis Essay The prejudice and commitment to the continuation of a plantation slave labor system limited overall progress in the South. Southern planters would not accept that blacks were free Americans and could leave the area. Blacks however saw things differently. At the initial prospect of being free, they saw themselves as a citizen of the U.S. .

Health Literacy in Regards to Effective Communication

Question: Discuss about theHealth Literacy in Regards to Effective Communication. Answer: Introduction Health literacy is related to the skills required obtain, impute and process information pertaining to problems related to health like treatment and preventive methods of diseases, safety measures and accident prevention, primary medical aid, drugs and alcohol, emergencies and living a healthy life (Australian Bureau of Statistics). However, there is variation in the way health literacy is understood and applied. Ethnic and linguistic diversity is also an important barrier which should be considered, especially in a context to highly diversified country. Cultural competency is a crucial strategy for minimising the disparity in healthcare access and quality of healthcare provided by the organization. A health care system which is culturally competent can help to ameliorate the standards of health and care. It also helps in removing racial and cultural health disparities. Training about the cultural beliefs and diverse ethnic issues to service providers of the health organization would be beneficial. Also making strategies which overcomes system and language related hurdles to patient service would help to achieve goal of the organization. Effective Communication Communication is one of the foundations of health care. Effective communication is must for the interaction in healthcare. It includes making appointments and registering, discussing the medical condition, treatments and understanding the precautions and care. Health communication is stated as the interpersonal and communication with the mass activities focusing on enhancing the health of people and masses (Ishikawa Takahiro, 2010). Health Literacy in Regards to Effective Communication Health literacy is recognised as a determinant of health and quality of health care. Poor communication is one of the reasons of low quality health care in the health care organization. Consideration of health literacy in relation to language and culture is important in diverse health care environment. Effective communication should be observed at the level of organization, administration and personal terms to meet the diverse needs of health care. There is rise in recognition of the level of interrelation in health literacy and effective communication but only few attempts have been made to integrate them, for example, in the health professional training or developing organizational standards. Issues Health literacy status and effective communication between patient and the organization can be observed through the behaviour of the patients. They face several challenges. In many cases patients have issues learning about their medical conditions.Many of them lack the confidence in completing the medical forms by themselves. Few also require help in reading the hospital material. A discretion depicting the relation of health related knowledge to effective communication is also observed. Communication is measured differently in different framework of health literacy .About 25% population of northern territory in aboriginal in Australia and approximately 70% speak different languages at home other than English. It is more in remote areas. Some reports suggest that the difference in cultural and educational backgrounds between the patients and the health professionals lead to problems in health literacy (Lowell Schmitt 2014). Language barriers may be one the important factor in obstructing interactive patient-physician communication. For example, if an aboriginal patient seeks a health care physician from the same ethnic background, for the treatment of a particular disease and the traditional remedies. Both of them will have a comfortable and good quality communication leading a high level of health literacy because they speak the same language and share the common background. On the other hand, if there are an aboriginal patient (who does not speak English) and a non- aboriginal professional discussing a particular disease without using an interpreter. They will have a poor communication and a low level of health literacy because of the language and cultural gap. The patient may not have the idea about the medical terms and the medical language associated with the disease and the health care professional may not understand the patients knowledge about the disease and the conditions. This will affect the standards of the organization and the service they provide. The culturally bound beliefs, values of a person influence his knowledge of interpreting healthcare messages. Studies suggest that health literacy is a problem associated not just with the professionals working for the urban or poor population but it is an extensive problem associated with several communities. For example, the elder citizens mostly have less knowledge about health literacy in comparison to young generation which leads to poor communication and thus affecting the service of health care. (Baker, Gazmararian Sudano Patterson 2000). Getting information from internet is also a challenge for the elderly, poor and non English speaking population. Quality of the health information received is also not checked (Smith Malone, 2008; Walji et al., 2004). Studies are being conducted to determine the patients who are mostly vulnerable because of low health literacy. The test of foundation health literacy in adults (TOFHLA) and rapid estimate of adult literacy in medicine (REALM) are in use to check the health literacy and translated into many languages to be used in different cultures ( Dewalt, 2004) Merits and Demerits Health literacy can help in developing a good understanding of diseases and the health care organization services among the patients. As per the study conducted (Berkman) people having sufficient knowledge about health literacy can reach out, understand the health information opinions and instructions of the physician. This will lead to an effective communication and thus will helps in improving the management of chronic diseases, prevention of infections, and spread of severe viral diseases. A study religious leaders lead the way by WHO in Jordan gives a good example of health literacy in regards to effective communication. The study helped in improving the frequency and number of the religious leaders who guide the public about family planning, reproductive health and gender equality. The leaders were trained to improve their communication skills with the masses, knowledge about the health issues. The results were good as the family planning rate increased by approx 30% in four yea rs. Australia is a country with people from diverse cultural background. Culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) population from countries where the native language is not English. They are prone to develop preventable chronic diseases like diabetes mellitus, respiratory disorders and cardio vascular diseases. The factors responsible for this include the lack of access to the services provided by the health organization. The CALD population expressed that they require more access to interpreters and communication related to their culture and education. They consider themselves as being discriminated and also experience racism which will create an unhealthy environment in the country. This problem can be attributed to the miscommunication which resulted due to lack of health literacy among the CALD population. Challenges The major challenges faced by the health professional include interacting with patients having poor health literacy and wining their trust. Patient with different socio-economic status, cultural background, education face difficulty while interacting with health professional from different background. The comfort level of the patient is also low while discussing a health issue with the professional. Also many times the patient does not prefer the same organization each time they require care. This hampers the quality of services by the organization. Strategies to Overcome the Hurdles Many organizations and professionals believe that communication is more effective when it is patient-centred, fulfilling patients need and preferences. (Stewart, 2001). The organization should be responsible for maintaining a patient- centred communication in every respect, from providing patient forms, reports, patients educational material and training professionals to be able to have a better communication with the patients. Professional should develop their skills to identify health literacy assumptions and biases as a part of cultural understanding. Strategies should be made to reach populations that may not understand the information and jargon in English. This includes patients who have a limited or no English proficiency, low health literacy or having diverse ethnic background. In addition to this health care disparities occur when miscommunication disproportionally affects certain patient populations. (IOM, 2001). It is important to overcome such problems to meet the national health policy goals. A health care service provider must also be aware of the ethical values of the patients to provide better services. It should serve the needs of the people related to diverse cultural background. Health literacy, cultural competence and linguistic competence are must in order to maintain an effective communication because these integrations are important for health care to serve the needs of diverse communities. (Pleasant Mc kinney, 2011). Although oral communication skills are recognised as an important feature of health literacy, some scientists consider cultural and conceptual knowledge, the use of information by an individual and interaction between health service providers and administration should be included in health literacy. Few other consider that the measures are inadequate. Scientist suggest to include the skill like cultural a conceptual knowledge, the way individuals assess the information and their communication with the professionals to be also measured to overcome the bridge of ineffective communication and create a better health environment in the society. Conclusion The goal of using techniques and methods to improve health literacy among the professionals and the patients from diverse culture should be to enhance quality of health for the people acknowledging patients understanding about their health condition treatment and precautions. The way they assess the various information regarding the health issues. This can be achieved by developing a better patient physician interactions which involves effective communication techniques like patient-centred communication and ensuring their skills and knowledge about the issues .the barriers which limit the professionals in improving the communication should be removed. New ways should be created to overcome the hurdles by the system to improve the effective health literacy and reduce the demands of the patients. References Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2009). Australian Social Trends: Using Statistics to paint a picture ofAustralian Society. Cat no. 4102.0. ABS: Canberra. Ishikawa, H., Takahiro, K. (2010). Health Literacy and health communication. BioPshychoSocialMedicine, 4(18). Viewed on 15 September 2016 from https://www.bpsmedicine.com Baker, D., Gazmararian, G. A., Sudano, J., Patterson, M. (2000). The association between age andhealth literacy among elderly persons. Journals of Gerontology Series A-Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 55(6), 368. Smith, E. A., Malone, R. E. (2008) Philip Morriss health information website appears responsible but undermines public health. Public Health Nursing. 25, 554-564. Walji, M., Sagaram, S., Sagaram, D., Meric-Bernstam, F., Johnson, C., Mirza, N. Q., Bernstam, E. (2004). Efficacy of quality criteria to identify potentially harmful information; A cross-sectional survey of complementary alternatives medicine websites. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 6. Retrieved on 15 September 2016, from https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1550600 Eqbert, N. Nanna, K. M. (2009). Health Literacy: Challenges and Strategies. The Online Journal of Issues in nursing. Retrieved from https://www.nursingwolrd.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Vol142009/ Pleasant, A., McKinney, J., Rikard, R.V. (2011). Health Literacy Measurement: A Proposed Research Agenda. Journal of Health Communication: International Perspectives, 16(sup3),11-12 Dewalt, D.A., Berkman, N. D., Sheridan, S., Lohr, K. N., Pignone, M. P. (2004). Literacy and health outcomes. Journal of General Internal Medicines, 19, 1228-1239. Viewed on 15 September 2016 from https://www.nursingwolrd.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Vol142009/ Berkman, N. D., Davis, T. C., McCormack, L. (2010). Health literacy: what is it? J Health Commun Int Perspect.15 (1 supp 2):9-19. Doi: 10.1080/108110730.2010.499985. Viewed on15 September 2016. Retrieved fromhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4267746/#CR20 Ratzan, S, C. (2010). The Importance of Improving Health Literacy. Viewed on 14September 2016 from https://www.blogjnj.com/2010/06/the-importance-of-improving-health-literacy/ Kripalani, S, and Weiss, B, D. (2006). Teaching About Health Literacy and ClearCommunication, Journal of General Internal Medicine. 21(8): 888 890. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1831575/ Osborne, H. (2013). Health Literacy from A to Z: Practical ways to communicate your health messages. (ed. 2nd). Jones and Bartlett: Wall Street Burlington, https://books.google.co.in/books?id=kf9_IDhdRdcCprintsec=frontcoverdq=communication+and+health+literacyhl=ensa=Xved=0ahUKEwi0p8iL8Y7PAhUBPBQKHX8cCkEQ6AEIIjAB#v=onepageq=communication%20and%20health%20literacyf=false